Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Gisbert, Philippe
• Hurtado, Ana
• Guatteo, Raphaël

Titel

Efficacy and Safety of an Inactivated Phase I ICoxiella burnetii/I Vaccine to Control Q Fever in Ruminants: A Systematic Review

Ist Teil von

• Animals (Basel), 2024-05, Vol.14 (10)

Ort / Verlag

MDPI AG

Erscheinungsjahr

2024

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

EZB Electronic Journals Library

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Simple Summary: Q fever is a disease that affects many animal species, including humans. It is caused by the intracellular bacterium Coxiella burnetii. In domestic ruminants, it is the cause of several reproductive disorders such as abortions, stillbirths, premature births, weak offspring, retained foetal membranes and infertility. In cattle, endometritis has also been reported. An inactivated vaccine, based on a phase I antigen of C. burnetii, is available for cattle, goats and sheep. This scientific review highlights the effects of vaccination to limit the clinical manifestations of the disease and reduce the shedding of the bacteria, thereby limiting the impact of infection for both animals and humans. The safety of the vaccine is also assessed. Q fever is a disease caused by Coxiella burnetii that affects many animal species and humans. In ruminants, the disease is responsible for several reproductive disorders (such as abortions, stillbirths, premature births, weak offspring, retained foetal membranes and infertility). An inactivated vaccine based on a phase I antigen of C. burnetii is available for cattle, goats and sheep. This review aims to summarise the scientific literature regarding the efficacy and safety of this vaccine to control the infection in these three domestic ruminant species. Forty-five publications and one experimental veterinary thesis reporting on experimental studies, case reports, mathematical modelling and intervention studies were selected according to the PRISMA guidelines. Although some studies lack control groups or statistical analyses, for all three species, published data show that vaccination often results in a reduction in abortions and an improvement in reproductive performance in comparison with absence of vaccination. There is also evidence, including in infected herds and animals, that vaccination is associated with a reduction in bacterial shedding, both in intensity and duration in comparison with absence of vaccination. For these reasons, in case of human outbreaks, vaccination is one of the pillars of control measures. Vaccination is generally well tolerated, despite the rare occurrence of mild, transient side-effects, such as hyperthermia and reduction in milk yield.