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Do irrigation practices and the olive fruit curculio na indeks zrelosti sorte masline 'Coratina'?
Ist Teil von
Journal of Central European agriculture, 2022-06, Vol.23 (2), p.403
Ort / Verlag
Sveuciliste U Zagrebu
Erscheinungsjahr
2022
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
EZB Electronic Journals Library
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Olive [Olea europaea L) is a Mediterranean fruit crop that requires irrigation to achieve optimal yield and quality. Irrigation practices and damage of olive fruit curculio [Rhodocyrtus cribripennis (Desbrochers, 1869)), a pest of olive fruit, may be an important factor in determining the stage of fruit maturity, one of the main indicator of of fruit quality. The aim of this paper is to determine how different practices, through the amount and frequency of irrigation, with presence of olive fruit curculio, affect the maturity index of olive, variety 'Coratina'. The research was conducted on 24 olive trees at two locations in Zadar County: Zman (Dugi otok) and Novigrad. Irrigation was performed with a drip system with four variants in three replicates: K (0%) rainfed olives; Tl (PP) irrigation set according to grower experience; T2 (SAN) irrigation set according to evapotranspiration and olive phenology, at up to 80% of field capacity and T3 (100%) where 100% of calculated evapotranspiration was added. Soil analysis determined the field capacity, and evapotranspiration was read from the Pinova[TM] meteorological station. Harvests was conducted in October 2020 and 2021. For determination of olive fruit curculio infestation and maturity index, 100 fruits per sample were harvested. By processing the data with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and return test (Tukey), the significant effect of irrigation practices on the olive fruit maturity index by treatments, years and locations, single and interdependent, was determined. No effect was found between the presence of olive fruit curculio and the maturity index. Keywords: irrigation, maturity index, olive fruit curculio, SAN, Zadar County Maslina [Olea europaea L) je mediteranska vocna kultura koja zahtjeva navodnjavanje kako bi se postigao optimalni prinos i kvaliteta. Prakse navodnjavanja i stete od maslininog svrdlasa [Rhodocyrtus cribripennis (Desbrochers, 1869.)),stetnika koji napada plod, mogu biti bitan dmbenik pri odredivanju stupanja zrelosti, jednog od glavnih indikatora kakvoce ploda. Cilj rada je utvrditi kako razlidta praksa, pri odredivanju kolicine i ucestalosti obroka navodnjavanja, uz prisutnost svrdlasa, utjece na indeks zrelosti masline, sorte 'Coratina (1) . Istrazivanje je provedeno na 24 stabla masline na dvije lokacije u Zadarskoj zupaniji: Zman (Dugi otok) i Novigrad. Navodnjavanje je provedeno sustavom kap na kap sa cetiri varijante u tri ponavljanja: K(0%) samo kisenje, Tl(PP) proizvodac odredivao obroke prema iskustvu, T2(SAN) obroci odredivani obzirom na evapotranspiraciju i fenofazu razvoja, s do 80% poljskog kapaciteta tia i T3(100%) dodavanje vode do 100% od izracunate evapotranspiracije. Analizom tia odreden je poljski kapacitet, a evapotranspiracija je odtavana s meteopostaje Pinova[TM]. Berbe su obavljene u listopadu 2020. i 2021. Za odredivanje stete od svrdlasa te indeksa zrelosti ubrano je 100 plodova po uzorku. Obradom podataka jednosmjernom analizom varijance (ANOVA) i povratnim testom (Tukey), utvrden je statisticki znacajan utjecaj praksi navodnjavanja na indeks zrelosti ploda masline po tretmanima, godinama i lokacijama, jednostruko i u meduovisnosti. Nije ustanovljen utjecaj izmedu prisutnosti svrdlasa i indeksa zrelosti. Kljucne rijeci: indeks zrelosti, maslinin svrdlas, navodnjavanje, SAN, Zadarska zupanija Olive [Olea europaea L) is a Mediterranean fruit culture. Although cultivated on shallow and skeletal soil with low soil capacity for water, irrigation is required in order to achieve a satisfactory yield and quality of the olive fruit. The olive fruit curculio Rhodocyrtus cribripennis (Desbrochers, 1869.) is a periodic pest of the olive. With the appearance of adults, it damages the fruit by biting it, which affects the quality. An important factor in harvesting and achieving top quality is the degree maturity index of fruit. The aim of this paper is to determine how different practices, through the quantity and frequency of irrigation, on skeletal and heterogeneous soil, with the presence of olive fruit curculio, influences the fruit maturity index of 'Coratina' variety. The research was conducted on 24 olive trees during 2020 and 2021 at two locations in Zadar County, Croatia: Zman (Dugi otok) and Novigrad. Irrigation was done using a drip system with four variants in three repetitions. The treatments in the experiment represented different irrigation practices: K (0%) - olive trees without irrigation in vegetation, only rain fed, TI (PP) - production practice, irrigation set according to grower experience, T2 (SAN) - irrigation set according to evapotranspiration and olive phenology, at up to 80% of the field water capacity and T3 (100%) - addition of water up to 100% of the calculated evapotranspiration. The soil analysis determined the field capacity for water, and the precipitation and evapotranspiration were determined using the Pinova [TM] agricultural meteorological stations. Harvests were done on 12 (th) of October 2020 and 10 (th) of October 2021 at Zman and 23 (th) of October 2020 and 17 (th) of October 2021 at locality Novigrad. One hundred fruits per sample were harvested to determine the damage by olive fruit curculio and maturity index according to the standardized procedure. The statistical processing of data by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and a reverse test (Tukey) determines the influence of irrigation and the presence of olive fruit curculio on the stage of the fruit maturity index. The K treatment had the lowest value of the maturity index at both locations. Taking into consideration treatments and years, in both years the index of maturity showed the lowest value for the treatment of K (from 0,38 to 0,68) and the highest value for the treatment of T3, from 0,51 to 1,19. By treatments and locations, the maturity index was higher at location Novigrad. The effect of the researched irrigation practices on the index of olives fruit maturity by treatments, years and locations, single and interdependence, was determined. Furthermore, results showed that the presence of olive fruit curculio was highest in the rain fed treatment and the treatment where 100% water of the calculated evapotranspiration was added, while the lowest presence was in the treatment where irrigation was determined according to evapotranspiration and olive phenology. Damage from olive fruit curculio to both locations was higher in 2021. There was no statistically determined difference of damages caused by the olive fruit curculio, by treatments and locations. The influence between the presence of olive fruit curculio and the maturity index had a low correlation coefficient (r= - 0,24) and setting a statistical regression model for this relation was not justified.