Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Neumann, Manfred
• Naumann, Michael

Titel

Beyond IκBs: alternative regulation of NF-κB activity

Ist Teil von

• The FASEB journal, 2007-09, Vol.21 (11), p.2642-2654

Ort / Verlag

The Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

Erscheinungsjahr

2007

Quelle

Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a crucial regulator of many physiological and patho-physiological processes, including control of the adaptive and innate immune responses, inflammation, proliferation, tumorigenesis, and apoptosis. Thus, the tight regulation of NF-κB activity within a cell is extremely important. The central mechanism of NF-κB regulation is the signal-induced proteolytic degradation of a family of cytoplasmic inhibitors of NF-κB, the IκBs. However, with the discovery of an IκB-independent noncanonical or "alternative" pathway of NF-κB activation, the importance of other regulatory mechanisms responsible for the fine-tuning of NF-κB became clear. Post-translational modification, especially phosphorylation, of the Rel proteins, of which dimeric NF-κB is composed, are such alternative regulatory mechanisms. The best analyzed example is RelA phosphorylation, which takes place at specific amino acids resulting in distinct functional changes of this gene regulatory protein. The interaction of NF-κB with other proteins such as glucocorticoid receptors is very important for the regulation of NF-κB activity. Recently, exciting new concepts of IκB-independent NF-κB control like dimer exchange and nucleolar sequestration of RelA have been described, indicating that many aspects of NF-κB control are waiting to be discovered.--Neumann, M., Naumann, M. Beyond IκBs: alternative regulation of NF-κB activity.