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We design the 4-dimensional set-partitioning 50-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (4D-SP-50QAM) and 8D-SP-50QAM with 7 bit/symbol in direct detection optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DDO-OFDM) systems. Quadrant multiplexing (QM) and orthant symmetry (OS) are respectively used to reduce the number of constellation points and the complexity of constellation mapping, while improving system bandwidth utilization. The proposed 8D-SP-50QAM scheme outperforms 4D-SP-50QAM, 4D-OS-64QAM and 4D 128-ary polarization-ring-switching (4D-128PRS) in terms of generalized mutual information (GMI) and bit error rate (BER) performance at various fiber length. In addition, the GMI gain increases gradually with the increase of fiber length, proving that this scheme can effectively improve system capacity and nonlinear tolerance.
•We propose a geometrically shaped 4/8D-SP-50QAM in DDO-OFDM systems.•The SP and QM are used to increase MED and improve system bandwidth utilization.•The OS is used to reduce the complexity of constellation mapping.•The 4/8D-SP-50QAM is superior to 4D-OS-64QAM and 4D-128PRS in terms of BER and GMI.•The proposed scheme can improve system capacity and nonlinear tolerance.