Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Anda, Markus
• Sukarman, Sukarman
• Yatno, Edi
• Hikmat, Muhammad
• Bambang Heryanto, Raden
• Abdul Gani, Rachmat
• Media Pratamaningsih, Mira
• Erwinda, Erwinda

Titel

Mapping the spatial distribution of pyrite and evaluating soil and water properties in idle swamp land: A strategy to promote sustainable paddy field establishment and prevent land degradation

Ist Teil von

• Catena (Giessen), 2024-06, Vol.241, p.107985, Article 107985

Ort / Verlag

Elsevier B.V

Erscheinungsjahr

2024

Quelle

Alma/SFX Local Collection

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• [Display omitted] •New pyrite mapping plays a crucial role for soil zonation management in swamp land.•Integrated management of pyrite, soil, water, and nutrients can support rice cultivation.•Swamp lands have low bearing capacity and are susceptible to subsidence.•Soils develop from alluvium with low pyrite overlying coastal sediment with high pyrite.•Significant Al and SO4 increased while pH decreased from inlet to water canal networks. The idle swamp land of the former mega rice project in Indonesia has the potential for development of paddy field as a response to the global food crisis. Mapping of pyrite (FeS2) in swamp land as the key driver of soil degradation and poor water quality has not been made to establish a strategy for sustainable paddy field practices. The objective of the study was to assess the spatial distribution of pyrite (FeS2) through detailed mapping, and to evaluate soil and water properties associated with the adverse effects of pyrite. Detailed conventional pyrite mapping with a grid system at 1:10,000 scale, covering a large area of 26,588 ha, had been made. A comprehensive analysis of soil chemical, physical and mineralogical properties, pyrite content, and water properties was conducted. The detailed pyrite mapping showed that spatial distribution of pyrite was delineated into six depth classes, in the order of decreasing extent: P3-moderately deep (>50–75 cm) > P4-deep (>75–100 cm) ≫ P5-very deep (>100–150 cm) > P2-shallow (>25–50 cm) > P6-exceptionally deep (>150 cm) > P1-very shallow (0–25 cm). These pyrite classes allow zonation management strategy of soils and water table into different depths to avoid pyrite oxidation and its harmful effect. Soils have limited easily weathered minerals (<16 %), implying low inherited soil nutrients. In the topsoils, chemical properties exhibited extreme acidity (pH 3.8–4.2), imbalanced cations with excess Mg, low in K and P and Zn, Cu, and Mn micronutrients. The dynamic changes of water properties in network canals showed a drop in pH from 6.0 at the inlet and primary canal to 2.9 and 3.5 in the canal network (secondary > tertiary > quaternary > pyrite collector), as well as the increased Al and SO4 ions suggests the decrease in quality throughout the canal network. We propose the management strategy for the sustainable establishment of paddy field in pyritic swamp areas including: (i) performing detailed mapping of pyrite classes to guide depth-based pyrite zonation to control water table, (ii) implementing controlled drainage water flow from inlet to various canal networks corresponds to pyrite depth zonation, (iii) applying lime with Ca-rich materials but not dolomite (containing Mg) to improve cation balance, reduce acidity, increase soil pH and suppress ion toxicity, (iv) utilizing adaptive/tolerant rice cultivars to acidity, and (v) application of NPK fertilizer to alleviate nutrient deficiencies. These strategies can be implemented to ensure the sustainability of paddy fields and avoid soil degradation in swamp land.