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We herein describe a parallel comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous copper catalysts for microwave-assisted direct CH bond arylation. These catalytic systems feature enhanced catalytic activities, unique bulky ligand/base effects, mild conditions, and operational simplicity with reduced catalyst loadings and shortened reaction times. A wide range of synthetically challenging multi-substituted pivanilides was directly assembled. Remarkably, copper-exchanged beta-zeolite under ligand-free condition shows good recyclability demonstrating its potential as an efficient and reusable heterogeneous catalytic platform.
Homogeneous- and heterogeneous copper catalysts were systematically compared to disclose their characteristics, and both systems presented a moderate substrate and iodonium salt scope while affording multi-substituted pivanilides in a single operation. [Display omitted]
•Parallel comparison between homogeneous and heterogeneous copper catalysts•Enhanced catalytic activities under microwave irradiation•Ligand-free copper-exchanged beta-zeolite with good recyclability•Access to multi-substituted pivanilides via aryl-(hetero)aryl bond formation