Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Johansen, Kari
• Nohynek, Hanna

Titel

Chapter 75 - Immunization in Europe

Ist Teil von

• Plotkin's Vaccines, 2023, p.1523-1559.e3

Auflage

Eighth Edition

Ort / Verlag

Elsevier Inc

Erscheinungsjahr

2023

Link zum Volltext

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• This chapter reviews the policy-making processes supporting the national immunization programs in the diverse group of countries comprising the European Region. The number of vaccine antigens included in different programs vary between 10 and 16 and is undergoing continous change, which means that immunization delivery and vaccination provisions including the use of new vaccines may be inequitable between and also within countries. Further, immunization coverage vary between countries and by antigen. All countries have persons who are difficult to vaccinate because they are isolated from routine health services for reasons of culture, language, ethnicity, or frequent change of place of residence. A number of countries have faced periods of low vaccine uptake due to economic, political or safety-related concerns, mostly affecting the MMR vaccines resulting in measles outbreaks. Several safety concerns have been confirmed in pharmacoepidemiological studies conducted in recent years in the region including narcolepsy following the use of one of the AS03-adjuvanted influenza A (H1N1) pdm09 vaccine (Pandemrix®) , thrombosis with thrombocytopenia following the use of one of the vector-based covid-19-vaccines (Vaxzevria) and myopericarditis following the use of both authorised covid-19 mRNA vaccines (Comirnaty and Spikevax) in younger age groups. Strategies for strengthening national immunization systems have been established including European control, elimination, eradication goals as relevant as well as the European Immunization Agenda 2030.