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A toxicogenomic approach was used for toxicity evaluation of arsenic in the aquatic environment, and differential gene expression was investigated from 24 h and 96 h water-only acute toxicity tests with the aquatic oligochaete,
(
,
). Several toxicological endpoints (survival and autotomy) of the oligochaete and tissue residues were measured, and dose-response modelling of gene expression data was studied. A reference transcriptome of the aquatic oligochaete,
, was reconstructed for the first time, and genes related to cell stress response (
,
,
, and
), energy metabolism (
), oxidative stress (
,
, and
), and the genes involved in the homeostasis of organisms (
,
, and
) were identified and characterised. The potential use of the genes identified for risk assessment in freshwater ecosystems as early biomarkers of arsenic toxicity is discussed.