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Shifting electrochemical oxygen reduction towards 2e
pathway to hydrogen peroxide (H
O
), instead of the traditional 4e
to water, becomes increasingly important as a green method for H
O
generation. Here, through a flexible control of oxygen reduction pathways on different transition metal single atom coordination in carbon nanotube, we discovered Fe-C-O as an efficient H
O
catalyst, with an unprecedented onset of 0.822 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode in 0.1 M KOH to deliver 0.1 mA cm
H
O
current, and a high H
O
selectivity of above 95% in both alkaline and neutral pH. A wide range tuning of 2e
/4e
ORR pathways was achieved via different metal centers or neighboring metalloid coordination. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the Fe-C-O motifs, in a sharp contrast to the well-known Fe-C-N for 4e
, are responsible for the H
O
pathway. This iron single atom catalyst demonstrated an effective water disinfection as a representative application.