Sie befinden Sich nicht im Netzwerk der Universität Paderborn. Der Zugriff auf elektronische Ressourcen ist gegebenenfalls nur via VPN oder Shibboleth (DFN-AAI) möglich. mehr Informationen...
UPLC/ESI/MS profiling of red algae Galaxaura rugosa extracts and its activity against malaria mosquito vector, Anopheles pharoensis, with reference to Danio rerio and Daphnia magna as bioindicators
Abstract
Background
Anopheles pharoensis
has a major role in transmitting several human diseases, especially malaria, in Egypt?. Controlling
Anopheles
is considered as an effective strategy to eliminate the spread of malaria worldwide.
Galaxaura rugosa
is a species of red algae found in tropical to subtropical marine environments. The presence of
G. rugosa
is indicative of the ecosystem's overall health. The current work aims to investigate UPLC/ESI/MS profile of
G. rugosa
methanol and petroleum ether extracts and its activity against
An. pharoensis
and non-target organisms,
Danio rerio
and
Daphnia magna
.
Methods
Galaxaura rugosa
specimens have been identified using DNA barcoding for the COI gene and verified as
G. rugosa.
The UPLC/ESI/MS profiling of
G. rugosa
collected from Egypt was described. The larvicidal and repellent activities of
G. rugosa
methanol and petroleum ether extracts against
An. pharoensis
were evaluated, as well as the toxicity of tested extracts on non-target organisms,
Dan. rerio
and
Dap. magna.
Results
The UPLC/ESI/MS analysis of methanol and petroleum ether extracts led to the tentative identification of 57 compounds belonging to different phytochemical classes, including flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, phenyl propanoids
.
Larval mortality was recorded at 93.33% and 90.67% at 80 and 35 ppm of methanol and petroleum ether extracts, respectively, while pupal mortality recorded 44.44 and 22.48% at 35 and 30 ppm, respectively. Larval duration was recorded at 5.31 and 5.64 days by methanol and petroleum ether extracts at 80 and 35 ppm, respectively. A decrease in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) level and a promotion in Glutathione-S-transferase (GST) level of
An. pharoensis
3rd instar larvae were recorded by tested extracts. The petroleum ether extract was more effective against
An. pharoensis
starved females than methanol extract. Also, tested extracts recorded LC
50
of 1988.8, 1365.1, and 11.65, 14.36 µg/mL against
Dan. rerio,
and
Dap. magna,
respectively.
Conclusions
Using red algae derivatives in
An. pharoensis
control could reduce costs and environmental impact and be harmless to humans and other non-target organisms.