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Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) have been widely used and are attracting increasing attention in agricultural field because they dramatically enhance water use efficiency. In this review, representative achievements in the design and modification of SAPs with specific functions are highlighted, as well as their applications in agriculture. Two key properties of SAPs, water absorption and retention behaviors, are discussed in detail. Moreover, the future developments of SAPs with remarkable comprehensive performances are also discussed.
•Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) can improve water use efficiency in agriculture.•According to their source, SAPs can be classified as natural and synthetic polymers.•Representative achievements in the design and modification of SAPs are introduced.•Future trends and rational design for SAPs with desired properties are concluded.