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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have minimal therapeutic effect in hormone receptor-positive (HR+ ) breast cancer. We present final overall survival (OS) results (
n
= 88) from a randomized phase 2 trial of eribulin ± pembrolizumab for patients with metastatic HR+ breast cancer, computationally dissect genomic and/or transcriptomic data from pre-treatment tumors (
n
= 52) for molecular associations with efficacy, and identify cytokine changes differentiating response and ICI-related toxicity (
n
= 58). Despite no improvement in OS with combination therapy (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.59–1.55,
p
= 0.84), immune infiltration and antigen presentation distinguished responding tumors, while tumor heterogeneity and estrogen signaling independently associated with resistance. Moreover, patients with ICI-related toxicity had lower levels of immunoregulatory cytokines. Broadly, we establish a framework for ICI response in HR+ breast cancer that warrants diagnostic and therapeutic validation. ClinicalTrials.gov Registration: NCT03051659.
A randomized phase 2 clinical trial has recently shown no benefit of the combination eribulin and pembrolizumab over pembrolizumab alone in HR + metastatic breast cancer patients (NCT03051659). Here, the authors are reporting the final OS data and biomarker analyses on a subset of samples to analyze molecular correlates