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Regulatory networks often converge on very similar
sequences to drive transcriptional programs due to constraints on what transcription factors are present. To determine the role of constraint loss on
element evolution, we examined the recent appearance of a thiamine starvation regulated promoter in
This species lacks the ancestral transcription factor Thi2, but still has the transcription factor Pdc2, which regulates thiamine starvation genes, allowing us to determine the effect of constraint change on a new promoter. We identified two different
elements in
- one present in the evolutionarily recent gene called
, and the other element present in the other thiamine (THI) regulated genes. Reciprocal swaps of the
elements and incorporation of the
Thi2 transcription factor-binding site into these promoters demonstrate that the two elements are functionally different from one another. Thus, this loss of an imposed constraint on promoter function has generated a novel
sequence, suggesting that loss of
constraints can generate a non-convergent pathway with the same output.