International journal of molecular sciences, 2020-07, Vol.21 (15), p.5332
2020
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- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- TMARg, a Novel Anthraquinone Isolated from Rubia cordifolia Nakai, Increases Osteogenesis and Mineralization through BMP2 and β-Catenin Signaling
- Ist Teil von
- International journal of molecular sciences, 2020-07, Vol.21 (15), p.5332
- Ort / Verlag
- Switzerland: MDPI AG
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2020
- Quelle
- Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- Plant extracts have long been regarded as useful medicines in the treatment of human diseases. Nakai has been used as a traditional medicine, as it has pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. However, the biological functions of TMARg, isolated from the roots of in osteoblast differentiation remain unknown. This study was performed to investigate the pharmacological effects and intracellular signaling of TMARg in the osteoblast differentiation of pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells and mesenchymal precursor C2C12 cells. Cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Early and late osteoblast differentiation was examined by analyzing the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and by staining it with Alizarin red S (ARS). Cell migration was determined by using migration assays. Western blot analysis and immunocytochemical analysis were used to examine the intracellular signaling pathways and differentiation proteins. In the present study, TMARg showed no cytotoxicity and increased the osteoblast differentiation in pre-osteoblasts, as assessed from the alkaline phosphate (ALP) staining and activity and ARS staining. TMARg also induced BMP2 expression and increased the p-smad1/5/8-RUNX2 and β-catenin pathways in both MC3T3-E1 and C2C12 cells. Furthermore, TMARg activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and increased the cell migration rate. In addition, the TMARg-mediated osteoblast differentiation was suppressed by BMP and Wnt inhibitors with the downregulation of BMP2 expression. These findings demonstrate that TMARg exerts pharmacological and biological effects on osteoblast differentiation through the activation of BMP2 and β-catenin signaling pathways, and suggest that TMARg might be a potential phytomedicine for the treatment of bone diseases.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 1422-0067, 1661-6596eISSN: 1422-0067DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155332Titel-ID: cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b56b5f5475fc4d2db879ef343617273a
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Alizarin, Alkaline phosphatase, Animals, Anthraquinone, Anthraquinones, Anthraquinones - chemistry, Anthraquinones - pharmacology, Anti-inflammatory agents, Antioxidants, beta Catenin - metabolism, Biological activity, Biological effects, Biomedical materials, BMP2, Bone diseases, Bone morphogenetic protein 2, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 - metabolism, Calcification, Physiologic - drug effects, Cbfa-1 protein, Cell adhesion & migration, Cell differentiation, Cell Line, Cell viability, Cytotoxicity, Differentiation, Dogs, Gene expression, Inflammation, Intracellular, Intracellular signalling, Kinases, Medical treatment, Mesenchyme, Mice, Mineralization, osteoblast, Osteoblastogenesis, Osteoblasts, Osteoblasts - metabolism, Osteogenesis, Osteogenesis - drug effects, Osteoporosis, Pharmacology, Phosphorylation, phytomedicine, Plant Bark - chemistry, Plant extracts, Proteins, Rubia - chemistry, Rubia cordifolia, Rubia cordifolia Nakai, Signal transduction, Signal Transduction - drug effects, Signaling, Staining, TMARg, Transcription factors, Wnt protein, β-Catenin