Cancers, 2022-11, Vol.14 (23), p.5822
2022
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- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Dickkopf-3: An Update on a Potential Regulator of the Tumor Microenvironment
- Ist Teil von
- Cancers, 2022-11, Vol.14 (23), p.5822
- Ort / Verlag
- Switzerland: MDPI AG
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2022
- Quelle
- EZB Electronic Journals Library
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) is a member of the Dickkopf family protein of secreted Wingless-related integration site (Wnt) antagonists that appears to modulate regulators of the host microenvironment. In contrast to the clear anti-tumorigenic effects of Dkk-3-based gene therapies, the role of endogenous Dkk-3 in cancer is context-dependent, with elevated expression associated with tumor promotion and suppression in different settings. The receptors and effectors that mediate the diverse effects of Dkk-3 have not been characterized in detail, contributing to an ongoing mystery of its mechanism of action. This review compares the various functions of Dkk-3 in the tumor microenvironment, where Dkk-3 has been found to be expressed by subpopulations of fibroblasts, endothelial, and immune cells, in addition to epithelial cells. We also discuss how the activation or inhibition of Dkk-3, depending on tumor type and context, might be used to treat different types of cancers.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 2072-6694eISSN: 2072-6694DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235822Titel-ID: cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_9f6ee322db1249c1a37dc9d47c5815c7
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- Antagonists, Apoptosis, Breast cancer, Cell cycle, Cell growth, Development and progression, Dickkopf-3 (Dkk-3) protein, DKK3 gene, Endoplasmic reticulum, Epithelial cells, Esophageal cancer, Fibroblasts, Gene expression, Gene therapy, Glycoproteins, Health aspects, Lung cancer, Prostate cancer, Proteins, Review, secreted glycoprotein, Stem cells, stroma, Tumor microenvironment, tumor suppression, Tumorigenesis, Tumors, Wnt protein