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The most severe form of epilepsy, status epilepticus (SE), causes brain damage and results in the development of recurring seizures. Currently, the management of SE remains a clinical challenge because patients do not respond adequately to conventional treatments. Evidence suggests that neural cell death worsens the occurrence and progression of SE. The main forms of cell death are apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Herein, these mechanisms of neuronal death in relation to SE and the alleviation of SE by potential modulators that target neuronal death have been reviewed. An understanding of these pathways and their possible roles in SE may assist in the development of SE therapies and in the discovery of new agents.
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•Provide a systematic and comprehensive review of cell death modalities and the related mechanisms that have been discovered in SE.•Summarize the sources, structural characteristics and anti-SE biological activities of drugs/agents.•Describe their underlying mechanisms of the drugs/agents against SE via modulating different cell death modalities.