International journal of molecular sciences, 2017-11, Vol.18 (11), p.2401
2017
Details
- Autor(en) / Beteiligte
- Titel
- Spirulina maxima Extract Ameliorates Learning and Memory Impairments via Inhibiting GSK-3β Phosphorylation Induced by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Amyloid-β 1-42 in Mice
- Ist Teil von
- International journal of molecular sciences, 2017-11, Vol.18 (11), p.2401
- Ort / Verlag
- Switzerland: MDPI AG
- Erscheinungsjahr
- 2017
- Link zum Volltext
- Quelle
- MEDLINE
- Beschreibungen/Notizen
- , a microalga containing high levels of protein and many polyphenols, including chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects. However, the mechanisms where by ameliorates cognitive disorders induced by amyloid-β 1-42 (Aβ ) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated whether a 70% ethanol extract of (SM70EE) ameliorated cognitive impairments induced by an intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ in mice. SM70EE increased the step-through latency time in the passive avoidance test and decreased the escape latency time in the Morris water maze test in Aβ -injected mice. SM70EE reduced hippocampal Aβ levels and inhibited amyloid precursor protein processing-associated factors in Aβ -injected mice. Additionally, acetylcholinesterase activity was suppressed by SM70EE in Aβ -injected mice. Hippocampal glutathione levels were examined to determine the effects of SM70EE on oxidative stress in Aβ -injected mice. SM70EE increased the levels of glutathione and its associated factors that were reduced in Aβ -injected mice. SM70EE also promoted activation of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/serine/threonine protein kinase signaling pathway and inhibited glycogen synthase kinase-3β phosphorylation. These findings suggested that SM70EE ameliorated Aβ -induced cognitive impairments by inhibiting the increased phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β caused by intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ in mice.
- Sprache
- Englisch
- Identifikatoren
- ISSN: 1422-0067, 1661-6596eISSN: 1422-0067DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112401Titel-ID: cdi_doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_95a89cba8cac4d6d87a28d3da8ea6c41
- Format
- –
- Schlagworte
- 1-Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, Acetylcholinesterase, Acetylcholinesterase - metabolism, Algae, Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid beta-Peptides - administration & dosage, Amyloid beta-Peptides - toxicity, Amyloid precursor protein, amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing, Animals, Antioxidants, Aquatic microorganisms, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Chlorophyll, cognitive impairment, Ethanol, Glutathione - metabolism, Glycogen, Glycogen synthase kinase 3, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta - metabolism, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), Hippocampus, Hippocampus - drug effects, Hippocampus - metabolism, Inflammation, Inhibition (psychology), Injection, Injections, Intraventricular, Kinases, Latency, Learning, Male, Maxima, Maze Learning, Memory, Memory Disorders - drug therapy, Memory Disorders - etiology, Mice, Mice, Inbred ICR, Oxidative stress, Peptide Fragments - administration & dosage, Peptide Fragments - toxicity, Phosphorylation, Phycocyanin, Plant Extracts - pharmacology, Plant Extracts - therapeutic use, Polyphenols, Protein kinase, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Protein-serine/threonine kinase, Proteins, Rodents, Signal transduction, Signaling, Spirulina, Spirulina - chemistry, Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract (SM70EE)