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Echocardiographic reference intervals for volumetric measurements of the left ventricle using the Simpson's method of discs in 1331 dogs
Ist Teil von
Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2021-03, Vol.35 (2), p.724-738
Ort / Verlag
Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Erscheinungsjahr
2021
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ)
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Background
Echocardiographic measurements play an important role in detecting cardiac enlargement and assessing cardiac function. In human cardiology, M‐mode measurements have been widely replaced by volumetric measurements of the left ventricle (LV) using Simpson's method of disc (SMOD). In veterinary cardiology, more large‐scale studies are necessary to generate reference intervals (RIs) for SMOD LV volume measurements.
Objective
To generate body size independent RIs for LV volume measurements in dogs.
Animals
Healthy adult dogs (n = 1331) of variable size and somatotype.
Methods
Prospective study. The SMOD was measured from the right parasternal long axis and the left apical 4‐chamber view in clinically healthy dogs. The SMOD measurements were normalized to various allometric scales (kg, kg2/3, or kg1/3). RIs for LV end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) and LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV) using SMOD were estimated as prediction intervals of both a linear and an additive regression model. Additionally, after normalization to body weight, 95% RIs were determined using nonparametric methods with 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles serving as the lower and upper limits. Separate analyses were performed for 120 sighthound breeds and 1211 other breeds.
Results
Echocardiographic LV volumes correlated best with weight in kilograms. The additive model proved to be more flexible and accurate than the other 2 methods to generate RIs. Separate RIs for sighthound and all other breeds are provided.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Body size and breed‐independent RIs for LV volume measurements using SMOD were generated prospectively from a large and diverse population of dogs and are available for clinical use.