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Plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by
genes endangers the last therapeutic option for multifarious β-lactamase-producing bacteria. The current study aimed to explore the
gene molecular epidemiology in extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacteria. Col-R gram-negative bacterial strains were screened using a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) breakpoint ≥4 µg/mL. Resistant isolates were examined for
variants, extended-spectrum β-lactamase, AmpC, and carbapenemase genes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The MIC breakpoints for
-positive strains were determined using broth microdilution and E-test strips. Overall, 19/718 (2.6%) gram-negative rods (GNRs) harboring
were identified, particularly in pus (
= 0.01) and tracheal secretions (
= 0.03). Molecular epidemiology data confirmed 18/19 (95%)
-1 and 1/19 (5%)
-2 genes. Integron detection revealed 15/17 (88%)
and 2/17 (12%)
. Common co-expressing drug-resistant β-lactamase genes included 8/16 (50%)
, 3/16 (19%)
, 3/3 (100%)
, 2/8 (25%)
, and 2/8 (25%)
. The MIC
and MIC
values (µg/mL) were as follows:
, 12 and 24;
, 12 and 32;
, 8 and 12; and
, 32 and 64, respectively. Treatment of XDR strains has become challenging owing to the co-expression of
-1,
-2, multifarious β-lactamase genes, and integrons.