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Homo- and Hetero-Dimers of CAD Enzymes Regulate Lignification and Abiotic Stress Response in Moso Bamboo
Ist Teil von
International journal of molecular sciences, 2021-11, Vol.22 (23), p.12917
Ort / Verlag
Switzerland: MDPI AG
Erscheinungsjahr
2021
Quelle
MEDLINE
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Lignin biosynthesis enzymes form complexes for metabolic channelling during lignification and these enzymes also play an essential role in biotic and abiotic stress response. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a vital enzyme that catalyses the reduction of aldehydes to alcohols, which is the final step in the lignin biosynthesis pathway. In the present study, we identified 49 CAD enzymes in five Bambusoideae species and analysed their phylogenetic relationships and conserved domains. Expression analysis of Moso bamboo
genes in several developmental tissues and stages revealed that among the
genes,
has the highest expression level and is expressed in many tissues and
,
,
and
were also expressed in most of the tissues studied. Co-expression analysis identified that the
positively correlates with most lignin biosynthesis enzymes, indicating that
might be the key enzyme involved in lignin biosynthesis. Further, more than 35% of the co-expressed genes with
were involved in biotic or abiotic stress responses. Abiotic stress transcriptomic data (SA, ABA, drought, and salt) analysis identified that
,
and
genes were highly upregulated, confirming their involvement in abiotic stress response. Through yeast two-hybrid analysis, we found that
,
and
form homo-dimers. Interestingly, BiFC and pull-down experiments identified that these enzymes form both homo- and hetero- dimers. These data suggest that
genes are involved in abiotic stress response and
might be a key lignin biosynthesis pathway enzyme. Moreover, this is the first report to show that three PheCAD enzymes form complexes and that the formation of PheCAD homo- and hetero- dimers might be tissue specific.