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Lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells, a subset of innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), play an essential role in the formation of secondary lymphoid tissues. However, the regulation of the development and functions of this ILC subset is still elusive. In this study, we report that the transcription factor T cell factor 1 (TCF-1), just as GATA3, is indispensable for the development of non-LTi ILC subsets. While LTi cells are still present in TCF-1-deficient mice, the organogenesis of Peyer’s patches (PPs), but not of lymph nodes, is impaired in these mice. LTi cells from different tissues have distinct gene expression patterns, and TCF-1 regulates the expression of lymphotoxin specifically in PP LTi cells. Mechanistically, TCF-1 may directly and/or indirectly regulate Lta, including through promoting the expression of GATA3. Thus, the TCF-1-GATA3 axis, which plays an important role during T cell development, also critically regulates the development of non-LTi cells and tissue-specific functions of LTi cells.
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•TCF-1 is required for LTi’s function selectively in Peyer’s patch (PP) formation•TCF-1 promotes optimal expression of lymphotoxin and GATA3 in PP LTi cells•LTi cells from PPs and small intestine laminal propria (siLP) are transcriptionally distinct•TCF-1 negatively regulates IL-17 expression in siLP LTi cells
Zheng et al. show that TCF-1 regulates the functions, but not the development, of LTi cells in different tissues. It is specifically required for optimal expression of lymphotoxin in LTi cells from Peyer’s patches and inhibits IL-17 production by LTi cells from small intestine laminal propria.