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Temperature is thought to be a key factor influencing global species richness patterns. We investigate the link between temperature and diversification in the butterfly family Pieridae by combining next generation DNA sequences and published molecular data with fine-grained distribution data. We sampled nearly 600 pierid butterfly species to infer the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family and curated a distribution dataset of more than 800,000 occurrences. We found strong evidence that species in environments with more stable daily temperatures or cooler maximum temperatures in the warm seasons have higher speciation rates. Furthermore, speciation and extinction rates decreased in tandem with global temperatures through geological time, resulting in a constant net diversification.
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•The most comprehensive phylogeny of Pieridae to date, with 593 pierid species•Mild warm seasons are associated with higher speciation rates•Habitats with high daily temperatures host species with lower speciation rates•Diversification decreased in tandem with global temperatures through time
Entomology; Evolutionary biology; Phylogeny