Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Hammond, Timothy R.
• McEllin, Brian
• Morton, Paul D.
• Raymond, Matthew
• Dupree, Jeff
• Gallo, Vittorio

Titel

Endothelin-B Receptor Activation in Astrocytes Regulates the Rate of Oligodendrocyte Regeneration during Remyelination

Ist Teil von

• Cell reports (Cambridge), 2015-12, Vol.13 (10), p.2090-2097

Ort / Verlag

United States: Elsevier Inc

Erscheinungsjahr

2015

Quelle

Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Reactive astrogliosis is an essential and ubiquitous response to CNS injury, but in some cases, aberrant activation of astrocytes and their release of inhibitory signaling molecules can impair endogenous neural repair processes. Our lab previously identified a secreted intercellular signaling molecule, called endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is expressed at high levels by reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and limits repair by delaying oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) maturation. However, as ET receptors are widely expressed on neural cells, the cell- and receptor-specific mechanisms of OPC inhibition by ET-1 action remain undefined. Using pharmacological approaches and cell-specific endothelin receptor (EDNR) ablation, we show that ET-1 acts selectively through EDNRB on astrocytes—and not OPCs—to indirectly inhibit remyelination. These results demonstrate that targeting specific pathways in reactive astrocytes represents a promising therapeutic target in diseases with extensive reactive astrogliosis, including MS. [Display omitted] •EDNRA and EDNRB are upregulated after demyelination in reactive astrocytes•Pharmacological inhibition of EDNRB, but not EDNRA, accelerates remyelination•EDNRB loss in astrocytes, but not in OPCs, accelerates remyelination•Endothelin indirectly inhibits OPC differentiation through astrocytes Astrocyte-derived endothelin-1 (ET-1) inhibits remyelination through unknown mechanisms. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, Hammond et al. demonstrate that ET-1 signals through endothelin receptor-B in reactive astrocytes, indirectly inhibiting oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination. Inhibiting this pathway could provide an exciting therapeutic strategy to promote remyelination in MS.