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Highlights
Manganese-zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (Mn-ZIF-90) with both high drug loading and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vitro and in vivo were prepared.
The modification of a newly designed pH-protective and active-targeting Y
1
receptor ligand reduces the drug release during blood circulation and specifically targets the tumor sites, improving therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
The combination of nano-size Mn-ZIF-90 and the highly specific Y
1
receptor ligand promotes the specific drug accumulation in tumor sites.
Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) as smart drug delivery systems with microenvironment-triggered release have attracted much attention for tumor therapy. However, the exploration of ZIFs in biomedicine still encounters many issues, such as inconvenient surface modification, fast drug release during blood circulation, undesired damage to major organs, and severe in vivo toxicity. To address the above issues, we developed an Mn-ZIF-90 nanosystem functionalized with an originally designed active-targeting and pH-responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Y
1
receptor ligand [Asn
28
, Pro
30
, Trp
32
]-NPY (25–36) for imaging-guided tumor therapy. After Y
1
receptor ligand modification, the Mn-ZIF-90 nanosystem exhibited high drug loading, better blood circulation stability, and dual breast cancer cell membrane and mitochondria targetability, further favoring specific microenvironment-triggered tumor therapy. Meanwhile, this nanosystem showed promising T
1
-weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast in vivo in the tumor sites. Especially, this nanosystem with fast clean-up had almost no obvious toxicity and no damage occurred to the major organs in mice. Therefore, this nanosystem shows potential for use in imaging-guided tumor therapy.