Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Matsubara, Takanori
• Yanagida, Takayuki
• Kawaguchi, Noriaki
• Nakano, Takashi
• Yoshimoto, Junichiro
• Sezaki, Maiko
• Takizawa, Hitoshi
• Tsunoda, Satoshi P
• Horigane, Shin-Ichiro
• Ueda, Shuhei
• Takemoto-Kimura, Sayaka
• Kandori, Hideki
• Yamanaka, Akihiro
• Yamashita, Takayuki

Titel

Remote control of neural function by X-ray-induced scintillation

Ist Teil von

• Nature communications, 2021-07, Vol.12 (1), p.4478-12, Article 4478

Ort / Verlag

England: Nature Publishing Group

Erscheinungsjahr

2021

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Scintillators emit visible luminescence when irradiated with X-rays. Given the unlimited tissue penetration of X-rays, the employment of scintillators could enable remote optogenetic control of neural functions at any depth of the brain. Here we show that a yellow-emitting inorganic scintillator, Ce-doped Gd (Al,Ga) O (Ce:GAGG), can effectively activate red-shifted excitatory and inhibitory opsins, ChRmine and GtACR1, respectively. Using injectable Ce:GAGG microparticles, we successfully activated and inhibited midbrain dopamine neurons in freely moving mice by X-ray irradiation, producing bidirectional modulation of place preference behavior. Ce:GAGG microparticles are non-cytotoxic and biocompatible, allowing for chronic implantation. Pulsed X-ray irradiation at a clinical dose level is sufficient to elicit behavioral changes without reducing the number of radiosensitive cells in the brain and bone marrow. Thus, scintillator-mediated optogenetics enables minimally invasive, wireless control of cellular functions at any tissue depth in living animals, expanding X-ray applications to functional studies of biology and medicine.