Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Gupta, Arti
• Pandey, Sonia
• Yadav, Jitendra Singh

Titel

A Review on Recent Trends in Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles for Tuberculosis

Ist Teil von

• Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2021-01, Vol.11 (1), p.10-27

Ort / Verlag

Tabriz: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

Erscheinungsjahr

2021

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

EZB Free E-Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• If the disease would not be managed efficiently then TB will be resurged due to some other diseases like HIV infection as well as multiple drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) by considering these facts in 1993, the World Health Organization (WHO) took an unprecedented step and declared TB a global emergency.1,2 Synthetic anti-TB drugs are a two-edged sword while they destroy pathogenic M. tuberculosis they also select for drug-resistant bacteria against which those drugs are then ineffective1. Studies showed that males with above 35 years of age of the patients, female, HIV-infected, older, and Asian-born patients are more prone to the major adverse effect of recent anti-TB drugs.110 Owing to the diversity of different natural active components such as plants, marine algae and types of metal salts and their ability to alter the composition of a reaction mixture through exposure to changes in the temperature, pH, and presence of various additives of biological origin (bio-matrices) which allows to produce nanoparticles of various metals with a defined size and shape.111 It is well established that biologically synthesized metal nanoparticles had various proved, biomedical applications like targeted delivery of cancer drugs, molecular imaging, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, as antiseptics, bio-sensors, antimicrobials, catalysts, optical fibers, agricultural, bio-labeling and in other areas is proved to be much safer, environment-friendly and costeffective method of synthesis.111-113 Due to the diverse applications of Nanoparticles, several green approaches have been explored for synthesizing nanoparticles using different natural sources such as plants, marine algae, all these having immense tolerance to metal salts and have good ability to secrete extracellular enzymes for reduction of metals to consecutive nanoparticles.113-115 Gold is the most biocompatible metal nanoparticles are used in therapeutics and diagnostics in recent days to be studied in the recent field of bioscience.115-119 The biosynthesized GNPs were found to be better catalysts without using synthetic surfactant or capping agent at a low and definite concentration120 GNPs provide non-toxic carriers for drug and gene delivery applications. For the green synthesis of GNPs, the antioxidant components of the studied plant extracts are responsible for the reduction of metal salts, leading to the growth and stabilization of the GNPs.156 Medicinal herbs having phytochemicals like as alcohols, phenols, proteins, terpenes, alkaloids, saponins, etc which can act as reducing as well as capping agents in the GNPs biosynthesis.157,158 Role of natural constituents for the green synthesis of GNPs The triterpenes skeletons like cucurbitanes, cycloartanes, dammaranes, euphanes, friedelanes, holostanes, hopanes, isomalabaricanes, lanostanes, lupanes, oleananes, protostanes, tirucallanes, and ursanes159 are of interest ranging from primarily structural (cholesterol in cell membranes) to functional (carotenoids in photosynthesis, retinal in vision, quinones in electron transfer)160. In the process of nanoparticles formation, Protein donates electrons to react with metal ions and their subsequent stabilization that leads to the formation of nanoparticles.167 Some low molecular weight protein bands present in the soya bean extract, this may have been used up in biosynthesis of GNPs.168 The compounds present in the extracts can act as reducing as well as stabilizing agents and render more biocompatibility to the green synthesis of GNPs.169 High cost, use of environmentally hazardous chemicals, nonavailability and presence of toxic capping agents limit the use of various physical and chemical methods.170-171 These limitations contributed the need for the development of new methods and materials for the production of nanoparticles based on the principles