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The diatom flora from Neogene lake basins in South Bulgaria is summarized and analysed. It consists of 627 species, varieties and forms, wich are distributed as follows: 459 species, 141 varieties and 27 forms (with uncleared nomenclature are 32 species). The species are referred to 51 genera, 23 families, 7 orders and 2 classes. During the Late Miocene - Early Pliocene in the South Bulgarian basins two types of diatom floras developed: I. "Aulacoseira species" type (The floras from Gotse Delchev, Elhovo and Palakariya Basins) and II. "Actinocyclus species" type (The floras from Sofia and Karlovo Basins). Specific type for the Southbulgarian palaeobasins is the "Actinocyclus species" type. The Actinocyclus species as a component of the Miocene floras, are very widespread (China, Far East, Siberia, Europe and North America), but development during the Late Miocene of various species Actinocyclus massively overlapped was observed only in South Bulgaria and to some extent in the Balkan Peninsula.