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Abstract
Engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) by antigenic peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) activates specific T cells to control infections. The mechanism of TCR triggering, however, has remained obscure. Here, using micromanipulation of individual T cells, we show that physical forces acting on the TCR can induce calcium mobilization in a Lck-dependent manner. Investigation of artificial antigen-presenting cells (APCs) expressing engineered TCR ligands supports a model in which intercellular tension on the TCR generated during ligand engagement can initiate signaling in T cells. Furthermore, specific interactions between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on APCs and the integrin LFA-1 on T cells may regulate tension to set the threshold for TCR triggering during ligand engagement.