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Wheat straw is one of the most abundant and cheap lignocellulosic waste materials in the world. Nowadays, field burning is the major practice for removing wheat straw due to lack of effective utilization, but it increases the air pollution and consequently affects public health. Wheat straw is an attractive lignocellulosic raw material for binderless particleboard production. In this study, steam explosion was adopted as pretreatment method for wheat straw. The pretreated wheat straw was used to produce binderless particleboard panels. The influence of both pretreatment temperature and residence time on chemical composition of wheat straw, and modulus of rupture, internal bond and water absorption of panel boards was investigated. The results showed that defiberation of wheat straw raw material occurred during steam explosion pretreatment. The modulus of rupture and internal bond increased while water absorption of panels decreased as pretreatment severity increased. The optimum pretreatment condition, with 19.8 MPa of modulus of rupture, 0.2572 MPa internal bond and 61.5% of water absorption of panels, occurred under 170°C temperature and 10 minute residence time.