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In Latin, a short vowel followed by a voiced plosive undergoes lengthening in the past participle (Lachmann’s law). Many of these ppp. show a nasal segment inherited from the present or perfect stem. In a few ppp. moving from a dental stem, such as
,
etc., such a spreading provides the condition for the formation of the cluster -
- (<*-
-+-
). By observing the supposed omission of -
- in some of these verbal forms (e.g.:
vs.
), regardless of the effective status of the process, as opposed to its retention in other ones (e.g.:
vs.
), Latin speakers could have hypothesized that all ppp. forms of this group were originally provided with
-, see e.g.
<*
, with loss of -
- and compensatory lengthening of the preceding vowel. The ‘NS-lengthening’ rule might represent an early trigger of the vowel lengthening described by Lachmann. Such a lengthening analogically spread to other ppp., according to a connectionist lexical process.