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This paper records studies on the xylem sap from above and below the graft unions of apple trees with M·9, M·7 and MM.104 rootstocks. The dry weight of solutes in sap from above the unions of the M·9 trees was between 30 and 50 per cent lower than in sap from below, while the volume of sap exuded was not reduced. The graft unions of the M·7 and MM·104 trees had no significant effect on the xylem sap. These results are discussed in relation to the dwarfing effects of rootstocks and interstocks.