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The Second International Conference on Population, which took place in Mexico City in August 1984, reached a broad consensus on important population problems and what must be done about them. Issues identified included: 1. the interrelation between population growth and development problems, 2. the interrelation among fertility, mortality, and morbidity, 3. the inadequacy of contraception and health services, 4. the strain on natural resources, and 5. the fact that economic growth reduces fertility and mortality rapidly only if widely experienced. The US position on population growth has been affected by ideological disputations about health and family planning. The original Reagan Administration position, which shifted somewhat after considerable pressure from a variety of sources, essentially minimized the problems and asserted that population problems stemmed from a faltering of growth due to ''economic statism.'' Nevertheless, the policies adopted at Mexico City deserve the strong and sustained support of the US.