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Longitudinal Effects of Quantitative Job Demands (QJD) on Presenteeism and Absenteeism: The Role of QuanJI and QualJI as Moderators
Ist Teil von
International journal of stress management, 2023-05, Vol.30 (2), p.195-208
Ort / Verlag
Educational Publishing Foundation
Erscheinungsjahr
2023
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Contemporary work environments entail an increased quantity and pace of workplace demands coupled with heightened insecurity of employment, yet it is unclear how these stressors interact impacting presenteeism and absenteeism. This study operationalized the triple-stressor concept, linking three types of stressors to work-related productivity (i.e., presenteeism, absenteeism). The three stressors included quantitative job demands (QJD), which constitute the speed and quantity of work tasks; quantitative job insecurity (QuanJI), involving the real-time threat of job loss; and qualitative job insecurity (QualJI), the perceived potential threat to future characteristics of the job. Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the study investigated two- and three-way interactions of these stressors with presenteeism and absenteeism. A two-wave longitudinal online survey (with a 4-month gap) was conducted in Malaysia among 572 multi-occupational employees from 70 organizations (83% response rate). QJD predicted productivity (e.g., presenteeism, absenteeism). Employees with a high level of perceived QuanJI experienced reduced effects of QJD on presenteeism and increased effects on absenteeism. In contrast, employees with high perceived QualJI experienced more presenteeism with less absenteeism as job demands increased. Our findings suggest that employees with high perceived QualJI prioritize immediate rewards continuing to work when unwell to generate salary increments and promotion, thus experiencing additional stress in coping with allocated tasks. This study suggests that types of job insecurity differentially impact productivity when job demands are high with immediate threats escalating absenteeism and the potential for future loss of job characteristics increasing presenteeism. Workplaces need to balance employees' workloads and reduce immediate and future threats to job security to reduce absenteeism and presenteeism in the workplace.