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Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) is a novel kind of polyurethane prepared by reaction of cyclo-carbonates and amines without use of toxic isocyanates. NIPU has attracted increasing attention because of its improvements in porosity, water absorption, and thermal and chemical resistance over conventional polyurethanes. Their potential technological applications include chemical-resistant coating, sealants, foam, etc. In this paper, on the basis of a comprehensive survey of the currently available literature on NIPU, we summarize recent progress in NIPU, and mainly discuss the syntheses of cyclo-carbonates oligomers, the reaction mechanism, and the preparation and application of different kinds of NIPU.