Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Rasmussen, Silas Anselm
• Meier, Sebastian
• Andersen, Nikolaj Gedsted
• Blossom, Hannah Eva
• Duus, Jens Øllgaard
• Nielsen, Kristian Fog
• Hansen, Per Juel
• Larsen, Thomas Ostenfeld

Titel

Chemodiversity of Ladder-Frame Prymnesin Polyethers in Prymnesium parvum

Ist Teil von

• Journal of natural products (Washington, D.C.), 2016-09, Vol.79 (9), p.2250-2256

Ort / Verlag

United States: American Chemical Society and American Society of Pharmacognosy

Erscheinungsjahr

2016

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

MEDLINE

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Blooms of the microalga Prymnesium parvum cause devastating fish kills worldwide, which are suspected to be caused by the supersized ladder-frame polyether toxins prymnesin-1 and -2. These toxins have, however, only been detected from P. parvum in rare cases since they were originally described two decades ago. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a novel B-type prymnesin, based on extensive analysis of 2D- and 3D-NMR data of natural as well as 90% 13C enriched material. B-type prymnesins lack a complete 1,6-dioxadecalin core unit, which is replaced by a short acyclic C2 linkage compared to the structure of the original prymnesins. Comparison of the bioactivity of prymnesin-2 with prymnesin-B1 in an RTgill-W1 cell line assay identified both compounds as toxic in the low nanomolar range. Chemical investigations by liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) of 10 strains of P. parvum collected worldwide showed that only one strain produced the original prymnesin-1 and -2, whereas four strains produced the novel B-type prymnesin. In total 13 further prymnesin analogues differing in their core backbone and chlorination and glycosylation patterns could be tentatively detected by LC-MS/HRMS, including a likely C-type prymnesin in five strains. Altogether, our work indicates that evolution of prymnesins has yielded a diverse family of fish-killing toxins that occurs around the globe and has significant ecological and economic impact.