Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Papathakis, Peggy C
• Pearson, Kerry E

Titel

Food fortification improves the intake of all fortified nutrients, but fails to meet the estimated dietary requirements for vitamins A and B 6 , riboflavin and zinc, in lactating South African women

Ist Teil von

• Public health nutrition, 2012-10, Vol.15 (10), p.1810-1817

Erscheinungsjahr

2012

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Free E-Journal (出版社公開部分のみ）

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• Abstract Objective To investigate the impact of fortification by comparing food records and selected biochemical indicators of nutritional status pre- and post-fortification. Design Mean intake from 24 h recalls ( n 142) was compared with the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) to determine the proportion with inadequate intake. In a subsample ( n 34), diet and serum retinol, folate, ferritin and Zn were compared pre- and post-fortification for fortified nutrients vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, Fe and Zn. Setting South Africa. Subjects Breast-feeding women (ninety-four HIV-infected, forty eight HIV-uninfected) measured at ∼6, 14, 24 weeks, and 9 and 12 months postpartum. Results Pre-fortification, >80 % of women did not meet the EAR for vitamins A, C, D, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, B 6 , B 12 and folate and minerals Zn, iodine and Ca. Dietary intake post-fortification increased for all fortified nutrients. In post-fortification food records, >70 % did not meet the EAR for Zn and vitamins A, riboflavin and B 6 . Serum folate and Zn increased significantly post-fortification ( P < 0·001 for both), with no change in ferritin and a reduction in retinol. Post-fortification marginal/deficient folate status was reduced (73·5 % pre v . 3·0 % post; P < 0·001), as was Zn deficiency (26·5 % pre v . 5·9 % post; P < 0·05). Pre- and post-fortification, >93 % were retinol replete. There was no change in Fe deficiency (16·7 % pre v . 19·4 % post; P = 0·728). Conclusions Micronutrient intake improved with fortification, but >70 % of lactating women did not meet the EAR for Zn, vitamins A, riboflavin and B 6 . Although 100 % exceeded the EAR for Fe after fortification, Fe status did not improve.