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Direct production of hexyl levulinate as a potential fuel additive from glucose catalyzed by modified dendritic fibrous nanosilica
Ist Teil von
Renewable energy, 2020-03, Vol.147, p.2229-2237
Ort / Verlag
Elsevier Ltd
Erscheinungsjahr
2020
Link zum Volltext
Quelle
Alma/SFX Local Collection
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Ultrasonic as a fast and powerful method was applied to prepare dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNSU) and the properties of this silica were compared with those of DFNS prepared by hydrothermal method (DFNSH). Using this support, a series of the Zn/DFNSU catalysts were prepared by incorporation of different zinc values using the co-condensation technique. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various methods (FT-IR, XRD, ICP, SEM, TEM, BET, and Py-FT-IR) and applied for direct production of hexyl levulinate from glucose. Among these catalysts, 40Zn/DFNSU exhibited the best results for the production of hexyl levulinate with 55.2% yield under optimum reaction conditions (0.05 g catalyst, 0.07 g glucose, reaction temperature of 200 °C and reaction time of 5 h). Also, the catalytic performance of Zn/DFNSH catalysts with different zinc values was studied under optimum reaction conditions and the maximum yield of hexyl levulinate was 59.2% in the presence of 40Zn/DFNSH catalyst.
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•DFNS was synthesized using ultrasonic method.•The mesopores structure and morphology of DFNS were preserved using this method.•DFNS was modified and used for direct conversion of glucose to hexyl levulinate.•The highest yield of hexyl levulinate (55.2%) was obtained using 40Zn/DFNSU catalyst.•40Zn/DFNSU catalyst was stable and reusable after four consecutive catalytic runs.