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Plasma channel drilling (PCD), which is also known as high-voltage electric pulse drilling, is a highly efficient rock-breaking drilling technology with great development potential. This paper presents a method to study the rock-breaking mechanism of PCD technology. Then based on the predecessor's foundation, the factors affecting the development of plasma channels are explored using the dielectric breakdown model (DBM). Finally, a numerical rock-breaking model considering electric-thermal-mechanical three fields is established. This paper reveals the basic rock-breaking process of PCD and how the formation pressure affects the rock-breaking process of PCD technology. The main conclusions are: the formation law of plasma channel is related to the electrode structure and the inputting electrical parameters, the electrical properties of the rock and the type of rock; the plasma channel has an internal dynamic effect on the rock breaking process, and this internal dynamic effect of the plasma channel is sharply weakened after the channel is formed; shear cracks play a lead role in PCD, and the number of shear cracks is larger than that of conventional mechanical-rotary drilling; the formation pressure has little effect on the rock failure, the total volume of the chips, and the total number of cracks in the PCD, and the rock-breaking efficiency is not limited by the drilling depth. Finally, in order to improve the rock breaking-efficiency, it is recommended that the PCD technology be used in conjunction with slim hole drilling technology or jet drilling technology.
•A new idea for studying the mechanism of rock breaking in plasma channel drilling technology.•Analysis of the possible reasons for the high efficiency of plasma channel drilling technology.•Suggestions for the development of plasma channel drilling technology.