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The origin and provenance of aeolian deposits in China have been controversial for a long time in terms of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Recent studies have magnified this complexity. In this study, we conducted the UPb dating and grain morphological study of detrital zircons from the continuous aeolian deposits in the southeastern Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP). Our results indicate that the upper Pliocene Red Clay in this study is dominantly of local origin and has similar components to the overlying Quaternary loess. The Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NTP)-Gobi Altay Shan and western North China Craton-North Qinling are the primary and secondary sources of the Quaternary aeolian deposits, respectively. No obvious provenance changes were observed during glacial-interglacial cycles; however, the aeolian deposits became more and more like the deposits in the central CLP with the decrease of sedimentary age. Under the force of tectonic uplift and climate deterioration, the enhanced and topographically constrained winter monsoon has made the NTP-derived materials more dominant since the Quaternary.
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•The Red Clay in the Zhongtiao Shan is mainly of local origin and has similar components to the overlying Quaternary loess.•The Quaternary aeolian deposits are a mixture of proximal and distal materials.•The enhanced and compressed winter monsoon has made the NTP-derived materials more prominent since the late Cenozoic.