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We show by phase space analysis that there are exactly 17 possible qualitative behaviors for a rotational surface in R3 that satisfies an arbitrary elliptic Weingarten equation W(κ1,κ2)=0, and study the singularities of such examples. As global applications of this classification, we prove a sharp halfspace theorem for general elliptic Weingarten equations of finite order, and a classification of peaked elliptic Weingarten ovaloids with at most 2 singularities. In the case that W is not elliptic, we give a negative answer to a question by Yau regarding the uniqueness of rotational ellipsoids.