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Petrochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes of post-collisional Neoproterozoic (ca. 950 Ma) amphibolite dykes of continental flood basalt affinity from the Simdega area: Implications for the geodynamic evolution of the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India
Metamorphosed mafic dykes are significant stratigraphic markers which also represent a shift from extensional to compressional geodynamic processes. We present petrology, bulk-rock geochemistry, and Sr-Nd isotope data on nineteen E-W to ENE-WSW trending mafic dykes metamorphosed under amphibolite facies in the Simdega area in the south western domain of the Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex (CGC). The CGC is widely regarded as an eastern extension of the Central Indian Tectonic Zone (CITZ) which separates the Northern Indian and the Southern Indian blocks. Calcic amphiboles and plagioclases are the dominant minerals whereas clinopyroxene (diopside), biotite, chlorite, quartz, apatite, titanite, ilmenite and magnetite are present in minor amounts. Relict igneous textures are also present in some of the samples. Conventional thermobarometry and pseudosection modelling gave consistent peak temperatures (619 ± 13 °C) and pressures (5.8 ± 0.1 kbar) corresponding to the amphibolite facies. Major oxide geochemistry of the studied samples show differentiation trends and display arc-tholeiitic, high Fe-tholeiitic, high Mg-tholeiitic and calc-alkaline characters. Based on the LREE and HREE fractionation (LaN/YbN, LaN/SmN and GdN/YbN) the studied samples can be classified into two broad groups: Group-I and Group II. In terms of the 87Sr/86Srinitial and 143Nd/144Ndinitial contents, both the Group I and II samples are confined to an array of continental flood basalts and EM-1 and EM-2 reservoirs. The TDM (depleted mantle) model age of ca. 1.9 Ga suggest the source enrichment of the dykes during the Paleoproterozoic. Trace element ratios of both groups of the amphibolite dykes reveal that the (i) crustal contamination to be minimum, (ii) subduction-related fluid enrichment influenced their source regions, and (iii) mixed arc-, OIB-, and oceanic plateau- type geochemical signatures to be their characteristic features. Petrogenetic modelling involving REE suggest variable degrees of partial melting ranging from 5 to 10% for most of the samples of G-I and 1–3% for G-II dykes from a mixed source comprising predominantly of spinel lherzolite and minor amounts of garnet lherzolite. A three-stage model is proposed for the evolution of the CGC amphibolite dykes which involves: (i) sub-continental lithopheric mantle (SCLM) source enrichment due to the fluids derived from the subduction zone prior to ca. 1.9 Ga, (ii) emplacement of the mafic dykes in a post-collisional intra-continental extensional tectonic setting due interaction between the mantle plume and SCLM during the Tonian period at ca. 0.95 Ga and (iii) subsequent amphibolite facies thermal event at 0.92–0.88 Ga, associated with the amalgamation of the Rodinia supercontinent, that metamorphosed the mafic dykes as well as the much of the south-western part of CGC. Our findings support models proposing a northward subduction of the southern Indian block beneath the northern Indian block along the CITZ as well as bring out the role of a mantle plume in the generation of the Precambrian mafic dykes in the CGC.
•Emplacement in a post-collisional intra-continental extensional tectonic setting•Trace elements show arc- as well as plume-derived components.•Nd isotope model ages highlight ancient (1.9 Ga) subduction event in their genesis.•Amphibolite grade metamorphism linked to Rodinia amalgamation