Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Zhang, Xiaoyue
• Niu, Binjie
• Cheng, Alexandra
• Bayat, Mohammad
• Tannert, Thomas

Titel

Out-of-plane cross-angle bending stiffness of cross-laminated timber

Ist Teil von

• Engineering structures, 2024-11, Vol.319, p.118791, Article 118791

Ort / Verlag

Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2024

Quelle

Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• The increasing use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) in construction worldwide can be attributed to its combination of sustainability, structural efficiency, biaxial strength and stiffness, short construction times, and architectural flexibility. However, when applied in free-form structures, CLT panels may exhibit irregular element geometries, resulting in deviations from their major or minor strength axes. The required out-of-plane cross-angle bending stiffness is not addressed by commonly used design methods. This study addresses this gap by examining the cross-angle bending stiffness of CLT panel segments using experimental, analytical, and numerical methods. Three different lay-ups (3-ply, 4-ply, and 5-ply) and five cross-angles (ranging from 0° to 90°) were tested under 3-point bending, demonstrating the nonlinear relation between cross-angle and out-of-plane bending stiffness. The lowest stiffness was observed for intermediate cross-angles and not when loaded along the minor strength direction. A proposed analytical model that combines the shear analogy with Hankinson's equation yielded adequate approximations. The model was verified by numerical simulations and then applied to predict the out-of-plane cross-angle bending stiffness of a wide range of CLT layups. This research provides valuable insights for working with CLT in complex geometrical designs, enhancing preliminary design. •The out-of-plane cross-angle bending stiffness of CLT was investigated.•The minimum out-of-plane bending stiffness occurred at cross-angles of about 45°.•An analytical model for the apparent bending stiffness of CLT panels at cross-angle loading was developed.•A 3D finite element model was used to verify the analytical predictions.•The effect of panel layup, thickness, and grades on the stiffness of CLT panels with varying cross-angles was studied.