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The change in the stress state of the underground rock caused by excavation is the root cause of the deformation instability. Compensating for the stress change is one of the keys to effectively control the instantaneous deformation of rockbursts and the slow deformation of soft rocks in deep underground engineering. At present, the Platts pressure arch theory and the New Austrian Tunneling Method are commonly used in ground control, but their applicability to high-stress deep rock masses is limited. The strength and elongation of the traditional support materials are insufficient, the prestress is low, and it is difficult to effectively control the large deformation of deep rock masses. In this work, the excavation effect and support compensation effect of the rock are analyzed from the mechanics perspective, and an excavation compensation method suitable for controlling large deformation of deep rocks is proposed. The excavation effect verification experiments are carried out to examine the large deformation failure characteristics. Based on the excavation compensation method, a high prestress excavation compensation control technology is developed by using a new Negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) material. This technology is successfully applied to deep buried hard rocks and soft rocks to realize the effective control of the large deformation, which proves the applicability of the excavation compensation method and technology.
•The excavation effect and support compensation effect of the rock mass are analyzed.•The mechanical properties test on the NPR anchor bolts (cables) is carried out.•An excavation compensation method suitable for controlling deep rock mass is proposed.•Excavation compensation method and new NPR material are applied to engineering.