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The electrodes made of polyaniline-activated carbon (PANI-AC) composite were reported to significantly improve the capacitive deionization (CDI) cell performance compared with the cell assembled using AC electrodes alone. In this study, we synthesized ion-exchange (–NH2+ and –SOH3−) PANI-AC composites, and assembled a CDI cell using them as electrodes. The performance of the ion-exchange PANI-AC cell was higher than that of the PANI-AC cell, and slightly higher than or at least comparable to that of membrane CDI cell (MCDI). The improved performance of the ion-exchange PANI-AC cell compared with the simple PANI-AC cell is attributed to the functional groups in the PANI chains that act similar to that of an ion-exchange membrane in MCDI cells.
•Ion-exchange PANI-AC composites were successfully synthesized.•The PANI-AC particles carry either –NH2 and –SO3H groups.•The ion-exchange capacities were controllable (1.4–3.8 meq/g).•The electrical resistance was substantially lower than that of the pristine AC.•The CDI cell exhibited a highly improved performance.