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Various heavy oils with different amounts of asphaltenes were hydrotreated with a commercial NiMo catalyst in batch reactor at 100 kg/cm2 hydrogen pressure, 400 °C temperature, 750 rpm stirring rate and 4 h reaction time. Fresh, spent and regenerated catalysts were recovered after reaction, washed with toluene, and analyzed by textural properties. Data of adsorption-desorption isotherms were used to calculate hysteresis areas, whereby a semi-quantitative approach to determine the degree of catalyst deactivation is proposed. By comparison of hysteresis areas of spent and fresh catalysts it was confirmed that the higher the asphaltene content in feed, the faster the catalyst deactivation.
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•An approach to determine the catalyst deactivation of heavy oil hydrotreating•An easy technique to examine catalyst deactivation by using BET isotherms•Asphaltenes content was found the main cause for catalyst deactivation with proposed approach.