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Extensive sampling of polar bears ( U rsus maritimus ) in the N orthwest P assage ( C anadian A rctic A rchipelago) reveals population differentiation across multiple spatial and temporal scales
Ist Teil von
Ecology and evolution, 2013-09, Vol.3 (9), p.3152-3165
Erscheinungsjahr
2013
Quelle
Wiley Online Library
Beschreibungen/Notizen
Abstract
As global warming accelerates the melting of
A
rctic sea ice, polar bears (
U
rsus maritimus
) must adapt to a rapidly changing landscape. This process will necessarily alter the species distribution together with population dynamics and structure. Detailed knowledge of these changes is crucial to delineating conservation priorities. Here, we sampled 361 polar bears from across the center of the
C
anadian
A
rctic
A
rchipelago spanning the
G
ulf of
B
oothia (
GB
) and M'Clintock Channel (
MC
). We use
DNA
microsatellites and mitochondrial control region sequences to quantify genetic differentiation, estimate gene flow, and infer population history. Two populations, roughly coincident with
GB
and
MC
, are significantly differentiated at both nuclear (
F
ST
= 0.01) and mitochondrial (Φ
ST
= 0.47;
F
ST
= 0.29) loci, allowing
B
ayesian clustering analyses to assign individuals to either group. Our data imply that the causes of the mitochondrial and nuclear genetic patterns differ. Analysis of mt
DNA
reveals the matrilineal structure dates at least to the Holocene, and is common to individuals throughout the species’ range. These mt
DNA
differences probably reflect both genetic drift and historical colonization dynamics. In contrast, the differentiation inferred from microsatellites is only on the scale of hundreds of years, possibly reflecting contemporary impediments to gene flow. Taken together, our data suggest that gene flow is insufficient to homogenize the
GB
and
MC
populations and support the designation of
GB
and
MC
as separate polar bear conservation units. Our study also provide a striking example of how nuclear
DNA
and mt
DNA
capture different aspects of a species demographic history.
Sprache
Englisch
Identifikatoren
ISSN: 2045-7758
eISSN: 2045-7758
DOI: 10.1002/ece3.662
Titel-ID: cdi_crossref_primary_10_1002_ece3_662
Format
–
Weiterführende Literatur
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