Details

Autor(en) / Beteiligte

• Duttaroy, Asim K.
• Basak, Sanjay

Titel

Maternal dietary fatty acids and their roles in human placental development

Ist Teil von

• Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and essential fatty acids, 2020-04, Vol.155, p.102080-102080, Article 102080

Ort / Verlag

Scotland: Elsevier Ltd

Erscheinungsjahr

2020

Link zum Volltext

Quelle

Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete

Beschreibungen/Notizen

• •Maternal fatty acids are essential for the growth and development of feto-placental unit. Maternal fatty acids modulate growth and development of trophoblast cell, and structural & functional aspects of the placenta and the fetus.•Long-chain fatty acids augment angiogenesis of the first-trimester placenta by stimulating vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), or their eicosanoid metabolites.•Placental preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the last trimester is critically essential for the development of brain and retina of the fetus.•Transport of maternal fatty acids to the fetus is partly mediated by plasma membrane fatty acid transport system (FAT, FATPs, p-FABPpm, & placental MFSD2a) and cytoplasmic FABPs.•Maternal lifestyle such as obesity, diet, metabolic states, inflammation and endocrine factors can impair placental function via altered expression of placental fatty acid transporters that lead to pregnancy complications and compromised fetal outcome. Fatty acids are essential for feto-placental growth and development. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites are involved in every stage of pregnancy by supporting cell growth and development, cell signaling, and modulating other critical aspects of structural and functional processes. Early placentation process is critical for placental growth and function. Several fatty acids modulate angiogenesis as observed by increased tube formation and secretion of angiogenic growth factors in first-trimester human placental trophoblasts. Long-chain fatty acids stimulate angiogenesis in these cells via vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), or eicosanoids. Inadequate placental angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion of the maternal decidua and uterine spiral arterioles leads to structural and functional deficiency of placenta, which contributes to preeclampsia, pre-term intrauterine growth restriction, and spontaneous abortion and also affects overall fetal growth and development. During the third trimester of pregnancy, placental preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is of critical importance for fetal growth and development. Fatty acids cross the placental microvillous and basal membranes by mainly via plasma membrane fatty acid transport system (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, & FFARs) and cytoplasmic FABPs. Besides, a member of the major facilitator superfamily-MFSD2a, present in the placenta is involved in the supply of DHA to the fetus. Maternal factors such as diet, obesity, endocrine, inflammation can modulate the expression and activity of the placental fatty acid transport activity and thereby impact feto-placental growth and development. In this review, we discuss the maternal dietary fatty acids, and placental transport and metabolism, and their roles in placental growth and development.