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C dots （CDs） have shown great potential in bioimaging and phototherapy.However, it is challenging to manipulate their fluorescent properties andtherapeutic efficacy to satisfy the requirements for clinic applications. In thisstudy, we prepared S, Se-codoped CDs via a hydrothermal method anddemonstrated that the doping resulted in excitation wavelength-independentnear-infrared （NIR） emissions of the CDs, with peaks at 731 and 820 nm.Significantly, the CDs exhibited a photothermal conversion efficiency of -58.2%,which is the highest reported value for C nanostructures and is comparable tothat of Au nanostructures. Moreover, the CDs had a large two-photon absorptioncross section （-30,045 GM）, which allowed NIR emissions and the photothermalconversion of the CDs through the two-photon excitation （TPE） mechanism. Invitro and in vivo tests suggested that CDs can function as new multi functionalphototheranostic agents for the TPE fluorescence imaging and photothermaltheraov of cancer cells.