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The low fertility rate, or the phenomenon of insufficient birth is one in a series of unfavorable demographic processes of the contemporary era. Due to the empirical and theoretical evidences on the notable impact of marital behavior on the level of fertility, this paper is focused on researching the changes in marital sphere in the European Union and Serbia during recent decades. The demographic development of Europe in the post-transitional stage is also characterized by an intense increase of extra-marital births and distribution of cohabitation. From the aspect of fertility behavior, it is important to indicate their features, as well as register, in this regard, a similarities and differences between countries.