Sie befinden Sich nicht im Netzwerk der Universität Paderborn. Der Zugriff auf elektronische Ressourcen ist gegebenenfalls nur via VPN oder Shibboleth (DFN-AAI) möglich. mehr Informationen...
A little-known but crucial place in the development of the industrialisation of the world. The remants, now preserved by English Heritage, of the Derwentcotes Steel Mill near Gateshead in north-east England. Built in the 1720s, this mill's coal-fired furnaces turned iron into steel, in this case especially for cutting tools. Although iron was critical in the development of industrialisation, the much harder steel was in many industries an essential breakthrough. The mill packed iron bars into a furnace with coal, to allow the carbon to be absorbed into the iron and so harden it.
This 2006 photograph might fancifully be thought to depict the workers having their midday break in the sun but in fact shows the site as a lunch-time stopping point for a ramblers' club. There is a connectivity in this because it has been the development of industrial methods of production that has released workers into a life-pattern with much more leisure time. Also, it has permitted a revolution in attitudes: in the eighteenth century, not many working people would have spend precious leisure time on a Sunday going for a 10-mile 'ramble' unless it had some powerful attraction such as courtship. The coming together of people who live apart but have common interests has been contrasted with those who have to live and work together: Ferdinand Tonnies's (1855-1936) German terms Gesellschaft and Gemeinschaft were for a long time the accepted descriptions of the new (company or goal-oriented society) and the old (community) styles of living and hence of environmental relationships, especially in terms of travel patterns and what would now be called ecological footprint. Both terms are perhaps less useful in post-industrial conditions: indeed, why are these people not shopping?